Mini-Mental Status Examination-2 (MMSE-2)
Authors: Marshal F. Folstein, MD / Susan E. Folstein, MD / Travis White, PhD / Melissa A. Messer, MHS
Description
The original MMSE is one of the most frequently used brief assessments of cognitive impairment. With a standard version that is equivalent to the original MMSE, the MMSE-2 retains the clinical utility and efficiency while expanded the originals usefulness in populations with milder forms of cognitive impairment, including subcortical dementia. Items on the MMSE-2 have obvious relationships to functional ability in daily life.
The MMSE-2 may be administered by anyone who has been trained to test individuals with cognitive impairment and who is familiar with the administration instructions. No special equipment is required.
The MMSE-2 was normed on a nationally representative sample of more than 1,500 individuals.
Administration and Scoring
Administration time for the standard version is 10-15 minutes. The 16-point Brief Version can be administered in 5 minutes. Alternate forms (Blue and Red) enable retesting of the same patient with reduced practice effects. Raw scores are reported as T-scores. Significant change in scores over time can be documented with Reliable Change scores. To help determine the clinical significance of specific raw scores, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power of a wide range of raw score cutoffs are provided for various clinical groups.
Reliability and Validity
- Internal consistency coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 0.79 for the clinical sample.
- Interrater reliability correlations ranged from 0.94 to 0.99.
- Results of validity studies are reported in the manual.
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